The Global Issue Of Terrorism Can Technology Help Criminology Essay

The Global Issue Of Terrorism Can Technology Help Criminology Essay Human is facing many global issues nowadays, however the issues of terrorism is already evolved and become one of a serious issue that has been patient by the whole world. The statistical data shows that terrorism slowly grows up around us and occurs more and more. For example, the infamous incident had happened recently is 911case in US, it has brought out a huge damage, not only affect their economy but also affect civilian life there. Therefore, it was also involved and crashed the global economy thus bring panic to the worldwide. As a result, terrorism means extremist stand for theirs own view and unstopped making incident attack. The four characteristics of the terrorism are: the threat or use of violence, a political objective; the desire to change the status quo, the intention to spread fear by committing spectacular public acts and the intentional targeting the civilians. The problems that terrorism has caused in the world today are world chaos, terrified of people, economic depression and other more. In conclusion, this research paper addresses the issue of terrorism in order to find out if todays technology can help to prevent terrorism. It looks at the type of terrorism, the causes of terrorism, ways to prevent terrorism through the use of technology. Chapter2 Literature Review According to this website http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8552323/ , this article talked about the technology for preventing terrorism in the future such likes smoke-detector, human vigilance and bomb-sniffing dogs. They can detect bombs and chemical and biological weapons. This site http://www.meteck.org/causesTerrorism.html , it talked about the causes of terrorism for example: nationalism/separatism, globalisation, (non) democracy and religion. These causes are considered as the main by this website. In this site http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/terrorism/intlterror.html , the data shows that the terrorism happened from year 1968 to year 2007 keep rise and fall. That had make many people fatalities and injuries. According on the book of Historical Dictionary of Terrorism, there has many information probes into the type of terrorism, classification of terrorist groups, new players and changing motivations of terrorists and impact of technology on contemporary terrorism and the future threats of weapons of mass destruction and cyber-terrorism. According to New Straits times According newspaper, on 2009/12/11, Indonesia had invented a new type of defence installations called new anti-terror body. It can rooting out terrorists and routing their cells remain its key tasks, the new agency will put greater emphasis on prevention. This will include rehabilitating detained terrorists so that they do not return to their old ways after leaving prison, and clamping down on religious radicalism Chapter3 Methodology For this assignment, most of the information we search from internet. From internet, we can know more things about terrorism. But we also put some our opinion in this assignment. We also get some information from books and newspapers to more different things. Conversely, we decide to do interview question. Our interview question, we asked Taylors College student. Via interview question, we know the opinion of the student and give his knowledge about terrorism for us. Lastly, we also drew mind map for easier to start this assignment because we can know where to start from the mind map. Chapter4 Type of Terrorism State Terrorism An act of state terrorism is not difficult to identify. In the example of history record, the concept of terrorism has been bought to us by the French governments reign of terror in the first place. Briefly after the French monarch in 1793, there is an establishment of revolutionary dictatorship and it decided to root out anyone who might resisted the revolution. At the time, about tens of thousands of civilians have been killed as a variety of crimes. State terrorism is normally uses violence and spread fear to maintain their power, by the way, their main target is the innocent civilians. State terrorism always selected the public to regard as a negotiation to spread fear thus committing critical public acts. One of the characteristics might in a political objective, state terrorism wants to change the status quo desirously. In the addition, state terrorism just similar a civilian so that they are omnipresent and menaced to the public seriously. Bioterrorism Bioterrorism have always to use germs and disease as weapons. Bioterrorism are less in appearance and there are no recorded their attacks. However, the reported risk has been paid highly attention by the U.S. government to defense bioterrorism in the early part of the 21st century. Bioterrorism will be adopted to liberate toxic biological to harm the civilians. The viruses, bacteria and toxins have been sort out by the U.S. Center for Disease Control that could be used in attack. Eco-terrorism Eco-terrorism is describes that interests in hanging over of the environmentalism recently. In the main, these environmental extremists (eco-terrorism) made destruction on property to strike the development of economic on industries or they will harm the animal and to damage the natural environment thus benefit themselves. Some legal unit that permitted by the government, for example fur companies, deforestation and animal research laboratories was also included as eco-terrorism. Nuclear Terrorism Nuclear terrorism means a type of terrorists that to be adept in using nuclear materials by a number of different ways as their tactic. Nuclear terrorism is normally exploited any kind of radioactive materials just like attacking nuclear facilities, building nuclear weapons or purchasing nuclear weapons. These days we believe that terrorists might be able to purchase nuclear weapons on the black market easily. Therefore, its possible that the group of terrorists might be even to build a nuclear weapon themselves in the very soon future. Nar-co terrorism Nar-co terrorism had been started in the first place since 1983. Nar-co terrorism is a type of terrorists who indicate violence by using drug traffickers further to affect governments to interfere the drug trade. In the several years, nar-co terrorism even more defined their position toward how they use drug trafficking to fund their manipulation effectively. Cyber-terrorism Cyber-terrorism attack civilians by using information technology. Theres measure that they technically use information technology, such as telecommunications or computer systems as their tools to make desolation meticulously. More often, cyber-terrorism would disrupt network radically by their ways, to make the networks become paralyzed. For example, cyber-terrorism could crash the network security systems or hack into any networks to stole or destroy whatever information that they need. Cyber-terrorism is already become wide discussion because it was the most general threat that around the civilians and public. According to the interview questions that answered by most of the student of the Taylors university college considered roughly that the terrorism is an extreme activities which was intention to threat or behavior in violence to the public or civilians. They also said that terrorist is someone who is not balance in their psychology and they thought that terrorism will not only damage the economy but also menace our life. According to the result from interview question, there is about 87% students in Taylors University College were worried about terrorism. The terrorism happened including a lot of reasons. One of the causes is human issues. These consist of the below: Human Issues Environment issue: The environment issue shows that the terrorism happened cause of some of the undeveloped or developing countrys national feel that their live environmental not good as the others developed countries, so they go on the terrorism activities to attack the better environment countries. It has relevant with the psychology issue. Psychology issue: Those terrorists pass on the terrorism to release their social pressure. Most of them facilitating war and other terrorist atrocities by inhibition the more or less lifted entirely with a more subtle sense. They fight with social disobedience. In additional, they might support those who use more lethal violence. Besides that, some of the terrorists go on the terrorism not for fighting against the real enemies but only to the old psychological wounds from early childhood harm. They try to doing hurt to others to make reprisal. Others that, variously unbalanced psychology problem such like, envy also cause the terrorism happened. Education issue: Nowadays, education issue has been universally accepted by the whole world that mainly causes the terrorism. In some of the undeveloped countries, many of children been teaching to hold and use the weapon to attack with extremely mind and knowledge, especially Islamic countries. When those children grow up, they maybe will be influenced to become terrorists and go on the terrorism. Besides that, some of the high technology countries provide the data of the dangerous weapon manufacture. When these techniques been learning by those scheme people, it will only increase the dangerous of the world. Religion issue: It is also one of the causes of terrorism. There have a lot of the religion in this world such like Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other more. Among these religions, a small part of these religion ideology are extremely and exist dangerously. These extreme religions exists evil thought and disseminate spread heretical ideas. They teaching their followers and believer a lot of the extreme idea and instigate them to sacrifice themselves to gain the trust from the God. Besides that, the clashing among the religion made the terrorism unstopped happened. Race issue: There has been a lot of terrorism happened causes of the racial issue. In most of the countries, there got more than two race people live together, such like United State of America, Malaysia and other more. These made a lot of clashing within a country of different race or between 2 countries. Race clashing happened including many causes, like censure with each other, religion issue, the different life style and living standard and others. In addition, racial discrimination and rejection aggravate the problem Advantage issue: When two country happened benefit dispute or when a country envious another countrys flourishing and wealth, then the terrorism maybe happened. Besides that, the variety advantage clashing between two countries made the terrorism keep happened. Refer to the interview questions that answered by some students in Taylors University College who thought that terrorism will happen, the majority cause was come from the religion. The different intention of religions will be clashing thus cause fissure of different religions. Otherwise, they were not agreed that terrorism was the outcome of religious teaching because these purely are their private idea regardless of religious problem and he also thought that for the terrorists root cause roughly is their education and environment problem. Overall, they said that the incident attack which was happened in USA was came from Afghanistan because he believed that the USA government had attacked Afghanistan before with a reason that cannot be accepted by the whole world and make the citizen of Afghanistan became angrier to USA government and he thought that some of the citizen will try to revenge the USA government. Technology in the future Anti-terrorist truck U.S patent 4667565, Rapid response patrol and antiterrorist vehicle by Reg. A. Anderson. Issued May 26, 1987. The anti-terrorist truck exterior is actually not different with normal truck. There is a mechanical robot hide inside the anti-terrorist truck which is controlled by people. When the truck parked quietly at parking zone and terrorist walk past the truck unknowingly, the mechanical robot can be out of the truck roof and shot the terrorist with machine gun immediately. This technology can help terrorist defender to defend terrorist in a good way and the terrorist defender will not be hurt by terrorist because the terrorist defender is not inside the truck. Therefore, anti-terrorist truck also has a protection of terrorist defender. Airplane sleeping gas system U.S. patent 6499693, Aircraft to respond to threats, by Ariel S.Rogson. Issued Dec 31, 2002. We know that terrorists are almost breaking down the cockpit door successfully and burst into airplane. This is quite dangerous for passengers. This sleeping gas system is installed into the planes ventilation system. When pilot discovers terrorists makes confusing in the plane, the pilot can release the sleeping gas. After releasing sleeping gas, the terrorists and passengers are knocked unconscious. Then, pilot land the plane and let police arrest the terrorists. According to this case, this sleeping gas is just a hypnagogue and it will not harm people. People will wake up after one or two hour. Explosion Containment Net U.S. patent 6854374, Explosion containment net, by O. Alan Breazeake. Issued Feb 15, 2005.U.S. Terrorists can sacrifice their life to tie bomb on their body and let the boom explode. This may kill many people when the bomb explodes. Explosion containment net look like an umbrella, but it is actually a strong Kevlar net fired from a special gun to compress and prevent a bombs blast. Terrorist defender can use explosion containment net to suck the terrorist who tie bomb on their body. There is a tank is worn on the back of operator. The explosion containment net also contains a tube for providing fire suppressant agent. This net is not only can deal with terrorists but also a great way for fishing. Anti-terror Robot-MAC http://blogpipiatbingi.com/philippines-mac-anti-terror-robot/ MAC means Mechanical Anti-terrorist Concept. This is the first Philippines anti-terror robot dubbed as MAC is important and very much equipped in foiling bomb attacks in the metro. MAC is the first Pinoy-made bomb disposal robot. It is actually developed by students and engineering professors. The anti-terror robot is made of aluminums and fiberglass so it has a very strong exterior. It can be used for examining and recovering a suspected explosive away from public. It is a necessary for bomb disposal and disarmament. People can control it with wireless interface. Digital sharing data Fingerprint Scanner The advanced biometric technology with fingerprint scanner provides terrific functions, such as functions in window logon, Screen Saver Lock, Web Account, File Encryption and PC Lock. The fingerprint scanner also involves personal data security and whole the country does not be invaded. Hence, it can stop terrorists from entering a country hence the terrorists also cannot threaten. For example, in the airport generally installed this technology to prevent the terrorists to enter their country because large numbers of people pass through airport, so there will become the terrorists gathering place. Similarly, the larger number of people on the airport, so the potential high lethality rate of attacks from there. In fact, some of the public schools boards also have decided installing fingerprint scanners at all entrances is the best way to proceed as it can keep students safe in a system that is far behind the times in preventing terrorists attack them, such as it would go a long way to prevents school shooting, bomb threats etc. Conversely, terrorism is playing havoc with cyber cafe business, so the fingerprint scanner must be installed there it was responsible to introduce stringent rules regarding user information for record purpose. Disadvantage of fingerprint scanner is it cannot distinguish between a picture of a finger print and the finger itself and the sometimes the scanner can be fooled by a meld of a persons finger. On the other disadvantage is about civil securities because the criminal who are cutting off a persons finger to get access to a door. These deceptions are done to steal ones identity into secures system. As a result, a person who loses fingerprints identity then that person will never be able to use because it cannot be replaced their identity. Brain Scanning Regarding use of brain scanners must be regulated in order to prevent terrorist being used invade or intimidate civil liberties. Beside there, the brain scanning is scanning the honesty of an individuals subconscious. According researchers told that the brain scans already used in United States and also used by British police to determine who are lying to invade their country, so research finding that certain regions of the brain become more active when a person lies, they also used it to plan a crime to commit yet. On the other hand, the government also has used this technology to scan human brain who is the terrorist and prevention children being kidnapped. Hence, the brain scans to identify patterns of activity before translating them into meaningful revealing what a person planned to do in the near future. However, using the scanner could look around the brain for the information and read out something that who are not tells true. Conversely, using brain scanning also have some p roblem as a forecast the persons intention with 70% accuracy, it have been compromised when it scans person because it appeared to be fatigued. Retinal scanning The retinal scanning is used to map the inimitable patterns of a persons retina; it is located in the following part of the eyes. Beside there, it also complex structure to supply the retina with blood, the retina is unique for each person. Retinal scanners are typically used for authentication and identification point. It always used in the highest level of security, such as militaries, airports, power plants and the other mainly areas. It also has been utilized by several government including FBI and CIA. As a result, every countries government has installed the full body scanners of retinal scanning in major international airports. It would have detected any solid especially is the explosives strapped to terrorists body, so the full body scanners could be prevented the terrorist who tried to blow up airport Conversely, using retinal scanning also have some disadvantages, that is it can be quite expensive to install because the retinal scanner who are installed will be spent a lot of money. On the other disadvantage is it can be considered an invasion of privacy as a retina may indicate any health problem, for example it can scan all solid that included civil of country. The third and four disadvantages is considered intrusive and making inconvenient. However, it also the reason why retina scans technology has mostly been used for high-risk security places where it believed the extra security provided by retina scanner is desirable. Regarding most of the students opinion, they were considered vigorously that the United Nations is responsible to control and prevent terrorism effectively. Therefore, some of the students suggested that the Ministry of National Defense might manufacture some novel technology weapons to counter terrorism so that could protect civilians. They also thought that our country need to some severe laws to prevent invader. Chapter5 Conclusion Regarding the matter of increasing terrorists case in the world, we would suggest that governments from all over the world should spend more in tightening the security of the particular country and also to spend more on tracking the terrorist activities around the world. This can help to keep the terrorist activities to the minimal level. After adopt the introducing of the terrorism, we can know that terrorist is categories into six types of terrorists. Any type of the terrorism got different ways to affect the countries. Therefore, we should use the suitable way to counter the right type of terrorism. There have six reasons of the human issue that cause the terrorism happened. These human issues let the world become more and more confusion. Actually these issues can be solved with effectively way by us and also the country, especially by controlling ours mind and actions. Nowadays, there are still many concept of preventing technologies in the world. These technologies still investigate by preventer. These technologies can help to prevent terrorism in the future. Nowadays, finger print scanning, brain scanning and retinal scanning is the best way to prevent terrorists from entering a country. After that, when have terrorism happened in a country, then the country will use digital sharing data sent to other countries in the world. Overall, the best way to guard against terrorism is to have no enemies and the cause of social violence is accumulated social stress. Chapter6 Recommendation We think that some powerful country maybe make a Super Missile in the future when they were research for preventing terrorism. The super missile can scan all substance and then launch the missile when somebody aggress their country. We have fabricated a weapon; the name is all-round scout machine car. It can be tracked the suspicious of the people and arrest them. It function include fluoroscopy anything to ensure if it exist any danger and it also can demolish the bomb to cut down the harmful to people. A government of country should know what make terrorism happen. For example: Is it politic problem? Does the government fairly deal with people? Actually, high technology for preventing terrorism is still limited for us. Actually, we cannot totally prevent terrorism but we can decrease terrorism happen. Not only use technology but also need peoples cooperation to decrease it.

Gap 5 Porter

Introduction Gap, Inc. is a leading American specialty apparel retailer based in San Francisco, California. It sells casual apparels, accessories, and other personal care products for men, women, and children. The products of Gap, Inc. include denim, khakis, T-shirts, boxers, casual wear, and others. Currently, the company boasts approximately 150,000 employees and 3,139 stores all around the world. Gap, Inc. sustains a large number of brands, namely Gap, Old Navy, Banana Republic, Forth & Towne, Piperlime, and others. These different companies are bought by the parent company in different times. Started as a general jeans retiling store, Gap, Inc. today has a market value of $13. 32 billions. Throughout its history, Gap, Inc. has established itself as a leader in the industry. What began as one brand has grown to include Gap, GapKids, babyGap, GapMaternity and gapbody. Gap has become a cultural icon by offering clothing and accessories rooted in cool, confident and casual style to customers around the world. The article which title â€Å"Gap Goes Global† in 2006 is about Gap, Inc wanted to franchise its business to overseas. It announces a franchise agreement with Dubai-based retailer Al Tayer Group to open Gap and Banana Republic stores in five markets in the Middle East. Besides planning on the Middle East outlets, Gap and Singaporean franchisee F. J. Benjamin expect to open stores in coming months in Singapore and Malaysia. Gap is also wish to follow the example set by other American brands that have successfully expanded in Asia and the Middle East, such as Starbucks. Gap's current international expansion strategy of working with local franchisees reduces Gap's financial risks. Using franchisees, Gap is able to sell its brand and its clothing without the headaches of navigating local real estate markets and hiring armies of store-level employees onto its own payroll. All of Gap's existing overseas stores in Britain, France, and Japan are owned and operated by the company, a setup that has at times proven expensive and unwieldy. Purpose and Values of Gap, Inc â€Å"Gap Inc. is a brand-builder. They create emotional connections with customers around the world through inspiring product design, unique store experiences and compelling marketing. Their purpose is simply, to make it easy for the customers to express their personal style throughout their life. They have more than 150,000 passionate, talented people around the world who help bring this purpose to life for their customers. Across the company and embedded in culture, their key values that guide their success are: integrity, respect, open-mindedness, quality and balance. Every day, they honor these values and exemplify their belief in doing business in a socially responsible way. † Five Forces Analysis Today, retail apparel industry is a very competitive industry to be in. Porter’s five forces model shows that there is already a low barrier to enter but it is hard to establish a distinct brand name, threat of substitutes is strong for the retail apparel industry, the intensity of rivalry is high since the industry is already facing a fast growth, supplier’s bargaining power is weak because they have limited power, and lastly buyers’ power is strong as they have variety of choices. Threat of New Entrant Although it is not hard to enter the clothing retail business, it is hard to establish a distinct brand name. Gap faces little threat of increases in price competition by entry of new firms into the market. Smaller boutique-style clothing stores may be able to compete on a local level brand, however such firms likely would not be able to expand, and Gap enjoy a cost advantage in producing staple articles of clothing, such as jeans and sweaters. Due to economies of scale in producing large amounts of clothing, entrants will have extremely hard time producing clothing at cheap enough prices to compete with Gap and its competitors. Entrants would also have difficulty in finding supplier firms who would produce their clothing at a competitive cost level. Costs drop per unit of clothing produced, and an entering firm would need to order a large amount of clothing in order to enjoy the same economies of scale that Gap enjoys. Brand loyalty is also important in fashion. Because many consumers have strong preferences for certain brands or styles of clothing, new entrants would find difficulty in increasing the amount of customers they attract to their stores without incurring significant advertising expenses. Because of their size advantage and economies of scale in advertising, Gap has a significant advertising advantage over all other direct competitors within the specialty apparel market. They can afford to run well-known nationwide television advertising campaigns while other firms in the market do little or no TV advertising. A new entrant trying to steal away brand loyal customers from Gap would need vast advertising resources in order to establish their brand and be competitive, which is unlikely for an emerging firm. Threat of Substitutes There are many substitutes in casual clothing industry. Since there are a wide variety of products that people can choose, they could either be substituted by sporting products, business apparels, cheap clothing materials, and others. On an industry level, there is no popular substitute for clothing. A booming economy where individuals have more disposable income may lead them to buy more clothing. In the reverse situation, demand for new clothing will likely drop if the economy is performing poorly. Because there are no substitutes for clothing, an increase in price by one firm will cause consumers to purchase clothing from another firm. If prices rise throughout the industry, consumers will buy less clothing. Bargaining Power of Suppliers In retailing industry, the power of suppliers varies depending on the company itself. As per Gap, Inc. , the suppliers have limited power. The annual report states that no suppliers supply more than 3% of the company’s demand. This gives Gap, Inc. power to set the price of its raw materials. Supplier power is concentrated in the firms who supply the raw materials for clothing production and the factories that are contracted to produce them. There are many sellers in both markets, and the power they possess is limited since demanding a higher price will cause the clothing manufacturer to buy the raw materials elsewhere. For instance, Gap contracts factories in over 60 different countries; if one factory is asking too high a price to produce their clothes, Gap can take their business elsewhere. Only if a factory holds a certain expertise in producing a certain type of clothing will they hold much power over the firm selling the clothes. Bargaining Power of Buyer The buyers have variety of choices to make in the retail clothing industry. Since there are various competitors and substitutes in the company, the buyers might move shopping around. Hence, the companies have to work harder to retain the clients. Intensity of rivalry between existing competitors Gap Inc. operates within the specialty retail apparel market, a market which contains several large direct competitors, such as American Eagle Outfitters, Abercrombie and Fitch, J. Crew and Aeropostale. Because of the nature of the fashion industry, independent specialty stores and boutiques can compete with these larger brands on a localized level. It is worth mentioning that superstore retailers such as Target and Wal-Mart sell low-priced, lower-quality clothes, so they could also be considered as indirect competitors to Gap. Clearly, there are a large number of apparel retailers, and a smaller, though still large, number of direct competitors to Gap within the specialty retail industry. This competitive landscape lends itself to a high level of price competition. The company is bound to encounter tough rivalry not only from established local brands but from other American casual-clothing labels, including Esprit, Levi Strauss, Tommy Hilfiger and Ralph Lauren. Competition, therefore, arises in fashion. Firms want to appeal to as many consumers as possible while keeping those already loyal to the brand happy with the style of clothes the firm offers. The winning style maintains the brand loyal customers association with the firm’s image, while attracting new buyers. A mistake in fashion, however, will lead some loyal customers to abandon their brand, and will fail to attract new customers. Strategy Gap, Inc used international expansion as a strategy to expand their product all around the world. Gap Inc. perates more than 3,100 stores in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Japan and Ireland. In addition, Gap Inc. is expanding its international presence with franchise agreements in Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. Conclusion Based on the article from The Financial which title â€Å"Gap Inc. Expands Global Presence through New Franchise Agreement to Serve Customers in Israel† in 2009, it is prov en that Gap, Inc has go Global using franchising in 14 countries. Gap Inc. has opened 89 Gap and 32 Banana Republic franchise stores in 14 countries around the world. Gap franchise stores are open in Bahrain, Greece, Indonesia, Korea, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Malaysia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, Singapore, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. In addition, Gap Inc. has signed and announced agreements to open Gap and Banana Republic franchise stores in Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Romania, Egypt and Jordan. REFERENCES Brendan, S. , Michael, M. , (2005), Gap, Inc Strategic report, SageGroup, LLP, Retrived from economics. pomona. edu/jlikens/†¦ /Reports/Gapreport. pdf Company information, purpose and values, Retrieved from http://www. gapinc. om/public/OurBrands/brands_gap. shtml Masaaki, K. , (1999), Gap Inc. Rachel, T. , (2006), Gap Tries on European Style, Retrieved from http://www. businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/jun2006/gb20060608_179268. htm Louise, L. , (2006), Gap Goes Global, Retrieved from www. businessweek. com Gap Inc. Expands Global Presence through New Franchise Agreement to Serve Customers in Israel, Retrieved from www. finch annel. com ———————– Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining power of buyer Intensity of rivalry between existing competitors Threat of Substitutes Threat of New Entrants

The Working Class Essay - 1578 Words

The Industrial Revolution consisted of scientific innovations, a vast increase in industrial production, and a rapid growth of urban populations which consequently shaped a new social structure in the European continent. Initially in the late eighteenth century, the new industrialization period produced dominant bourgeoisie employers and a united men, women, and children workers. The continued increase of factories coupled with a need for employees made the Proletariats within a short period of time a large, underprivileged, hungry, and desperate for money. Meanwhile, their bourgeoisie employers grew authoritative and wealthy as production and profit soared. Despite the common ties between proletariat workers upon the outbreak of the†¦show more content†¦Thus, it was believed that conflicting classes existed because individuals developed an appropriate sense of class-consciousness (Buckler 740). This consciousness is very obvious when looking at the mindset of the middle-cla ss owners. They were primarily focused on production and gave little thought to the environment of their workers. As a result, most early factories contained extremely unpleasant work conditions. Mills and factories were dangerously loud, and they were sweltering hot in the summer while poorly heated in the winter. Work days consisted of endlessly long hours and holidays were rarely granted. Furthermore, no laws or unions stood protecting the early urban proletariat workers. Despite these horrid conditions, the proletariat workers were desperate for jobs and were entirely dependant on their employers. Also, because of class-consciousness, they came to accept their positions in society as grueling factory workers. On top of terrible work conditions, the Proletariats’ living conditions were less than satisfactory due to the rapid population increase in urban cities. Until the Industrial Revolution, most of the continent’s population was rural. 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Poems of Ella Wheeler Wilcox Poet of Her Time